工作区和项目文件结构link

Workspace and project file structurelink

你会以 Angular 工作空间作为上下文来开发应用。工作空间包含一个或多个项目的文件集。一个项目就是一组包含独立应用或可共享库的文件。

You develop applications in the context of an Angular workspace. A workspace contains the files for one or more projects. A project is the set of files that comprise a standalone application or a shareable library.

Angular CLI 的 ng new命令可以创建一个工作空间。

The Angular CLI ng new command creates a workspace.

      
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      ng new <my-project>
    

当你运行这个命令时，CLI 会在一个新的工作区中安装必需的 Angular npm 包和其它依赖项，其根应用名叫 my-project。 该工作空间的根文件夹中包含一些工作空间配置文件，和一个带有自动生成的描述性文本的自述文件，你可以自定义它。

When you run this command, the CLI installs the necessary Angular npm packages and other dependencies in a new workspace, with a root-level application named my-project. The workspace root folder contains various support and configuration files, and a README file with generated descriptive text that you can customize.

ng new 还会默认创建一个位于工作空间根级的骨架应用，及其端到端测试项目。这个骨架是一个简单的 Welcome 应用，它可以运行，也很容易修改。这个根应用与工作空间同名，其源文件位于工作空间的 src/ 子文件夹中。

By default, ng new creates an initial skeleton application at the root level of the workspace, along with its end-to-end tests. The skeleton is for a simple Welcome application that is ready to run and easy to modify. The root-level application has the same name as the workspace, and the source files reside in the src/ subfolder of the workspace.

这种默认行为适用于典型的“多重（multi）仓库”开发风格，每个应用都位于它自己的工作空间中。建议初学者和中级用户使用 ng new 为每个应用创建一个单独的工作空间。

This default behavior is suitable for a typical "multi-repo" development style where each application resides in its own workspace. Beginners and intermediate users are encouraged to use ng new to create a separate workspace for each application.

Angular 还支持包含多个项目的工作空间。这种开发环境适用于正在开发可共享库的高级用户，以及那些使用“单一（mono）仓库”开发风格的企业，它只需要一个仓库，而且所有 Angular 项目都使用全局配置。

Angular also supports workspaces with multiple projects. This type of development environment is suitable for advanced users who are developing shareable libraries, and for enterprises that use a "monorepo" development style, with a single repository and global configuration for all Angular projects.

要设置单一仓库的工作空间，你应该跳过创建根应用的过程。请参阅下面的设置多项目工作空间部分。

To set up a monorepo workspace, you should skip the creating the root application. See Setting up for a multi-project workspace below.

工作区配置文件link

Workspace configuration fileslink

每个工作空间中的所有项目共享同一个 CLI 配置环境 。该工作空间的顶层包含着全工作空间级的配置文件、根应用的配置文件以及一些包含根应用的源文件和测试文件的子文件夹。

All projects within a workspace share a CLI configuration context. The top level of the workspace contains workspace-wide configuration files, configuration files for the root-level application, and subfolders for the root-level application source and test files.

应用项目文件link

Application project fileslink

CLI 命令ng new my-app 会默认创建名为 “my-app” 的工作空间文件夹，并在 src/ 文件夹下为工作空间顶层的根应用生成一个新的应用骨架。新生成的应用包含一个根模块的源文件，包括一个根组件及其模板。

By default, the CLI command ng new my-app creates a workspace folder named "my-app" and generates a new application skeleton in a src/ folder at the top level of the workspace. A newly generated application contains source files for a root module, with a root component and template.

当工作空间文件结构到位时，可以在命令行中使用 ng generate 命令往该应用中添加功能和数据。这个初始的根应用是 CLI 命令的默认应用（除非你在创建其它应用之后更改了默认值）。

When the workspace file structure is in place, you can use the ng generate command on the command line to add functionality and data to the application. This initial root-level application is the default app for CLI commands (unless you change the default after creating additional apps).

对于单应用的工作区，工作空间的 src/ 子文件夹包含根应用的源文件（应用逻辑、数据和静态资源）。对于多项目的工作空间，projects/ 文件夹中的其它项目各自包含一个具有相同结构的 project-name/src/ 子目录。

For a single-application workspace, the src/ subfolder of the workspace contains the source files (application logic, data, and assets) for the root application. For a multi-project workspace, additional projects in the projects/ folder contain a project-name/src/ subfolder with the same structure.

应用源文件link

Application source fileslink

顶层文件 src/ 为测试并运行你的应用提供支持。其子文件夹中包含应用源代码和应用的专属配置。

Files at the top level of src/ support testing and running your application. Subfolders contain the application source and application-specific configuration.

在 src/ 文件夹里面， app/ 文件夹中包含此项目的逻辑和数据。 Angular 组件、模板和样式也都在这里。

Inside the src/ folder, the app/ folder contains your project's logic and data. Angular components, templates, and styles go here.

应用配置文件link

Application configuration fileslink

根应用的配置文件位于工作空间的根目录下。对于多项目工作空间，项目专属的配置文件位于项目根目录 projects/project-name/。

The application-specific configuration files for the root application reside at the workspace root level. For a multi-project workspace, project-specific configuration files are in the project root, under projects/project-name/.

项目专属的 TypeScript 配置文件继承自工作区范围内的 tsconfig.json ，而项目专属的 TSLint 配置文件则继承自全工作区级内的 tslint.json 。

Project-specific TypeScript configuration files inherit from the workspace-wide tsconfig.json, and project-specific TSLint configuration files inherit from the workspace-wide tslint.json.

端到端测试文件link

End-to-end test fileslink

根级的 e2e/ 文件夹中包含一组针对根应用的端到端测试的源文件，以及测试专属的配置文件。

An e2e/ folder at the top level contains source files for a set of end-to-end tests that correspond to the root-level application, along with test-specific configuration files.

对于多项目的工作空间，应用专属的端到端测试文件都位于项目各自的根目录下，即 projects/project-name/e2e/。

For a multi-project workspace, application-specific end-to-end tests are in the project root, under projects/project-name/e2e/.

      
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      e2e/
   src/                 (end-to-end tests for my-app)
      app.e2e-spec.ts
      app.po.ts
    protractor.conf.js  (test-tool config)
    tsconfig.json       (TypeScript config inherits from workspace)
    

多重项目link

Multiple projectslink

多项目工作空间适用于对所有 Angular 项目使用单一存储库（单仓库模型）和全局配置的企业。多项目工作空间也能为库开发提供支持。

A multi-project workspace is suitable for an enterprise that uses a single repository and global configuration for all Angular projects (the "monorepo" model). A multi-project workspace also supports library development.

建立多项目工作空间link

Setting up for a multi-project workspacelink

如果你打算在工作区中包含多个项目，可以在创建工作空间时不要自动创建初始应用，并为工作空间指定一个唯一的名字。下列命令用于创建一个包含全工作空间级配置文件的工作空间，但没有根应用。

If you intend to have multiple projects in a workspace, you can skip the initial application generation when you create the workspace, and give the workspace a unique name. The following command creates a workspace with all of the workspace-wide configuration files, but no root-level application.

      
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      ng new my-workspace --createApplication="false"
    

然后，你可以使用工作空间内唯一的名字来生成应用和库。

You can then generate apps and libraries with names that are unique within the workspace.

      
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      cd my-workspace
ng generate application my-first-app
    

多重项目的文件结构link

Multiple project file structurelink

工作空间中第一个显式生成的应用会像工作空间中的其它项目一样放在 projects/ 文件夹中。新生成的库也会添加到 projects/ 下。当你以这种方式创建项目时，工作空间的文件结构与工作空间配置文件 angular.json 中的结构完全一致。

The first explicitly generated application goes into the projects/ folder along with all other projects in the workspace. Newly generated libraries are also added under projects/. When you create projects this way, the file structure of the workspace is entirely consistent with the structure of the workspace configuration file, angular.json.

      
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      my-workspace/
  ...             (workspace-wide config files)
  projects/       (generated applications and libraries)
    my-first-app/ --(an explicitly generated application)
      ...         --(application-specific config)
      e2e/        ----(corresponding e2e tests)
         src/     ----(e2e tests source)
         ...      ----(e2e-specific config)
      src/        --(source and support files for application)
    my-lib/       --(a generated library)
      ...         --(library-specific config)
      src/        --source and support files for library)
    

库项目文件link

Library project fileslink

当你使用 CLI 命令（例如 ng generate library my-lib）生成一个库时，所生成的文件会放在工作区的 projects/ 文件夹中。关于如何创建自己的库的更多信息，请参阅创建库一章。

When you generate a library using the CLI (with a command such as ng generate library my-lib), the generated files go into the projects/ folder of the workspace. For more information about creating your own libraries, see Creating Libraries.

与应用及其相关的 e2e 项目不同，库有它自己的 package.json 配置文件。

Libraries (unlike applications and their associated e2e projects) have their own package.json configuration files.

在 projects/ 目录下，my-lib 文件夹中包含你的库代码。

Under the projects/ folder, the my-lib folder contains your library code.